The rapid loss of the functioning of the liver is referred to as acute liver failure. Compared to chronic liver failure which develops at a much slower pace, it can strike in just a matter of days or weeks. Also, this type of liver failure is less common, and is considered as a medical emergency because it can cause some serious complications.
Also sometimes called fulminant hepatic failure, it is possible for some cases of acute liver failure to be reversed. In most situations, however, the only solution available for it is a liver transplant.
Causes
Acute liver failure happens when the cells of the liver become damaged and thus incapable of carrying out their tasks. In the US, the leading cause of the disease is the intake off excessive amounts of acetaminophen. It is also possible for acute liver failure to be due to the intake of certain prescription medications and herbal supplements.
In developing countries where hepatitis is endemic, acute liver failure can be quite common. In other words, it’s something that can be caused by a bout of hepatitis. Autoimmune hepatitis, certain toxins, rare metabolic diseases and cancer that begins in or spreads to the liver may also cause acute liver failure.
Signs and Symptoms
Because acute liver failure can develop in just a matter of days or weeks, the various signs and symptoms do appear right away. Jaundice, which is the yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes, is a common sign. A person who has the disease may also have abdominal swelling, pain in the upper right portion of the abdomen, nausea and vomiting. He or she may also suffer from confusion or disorientation, as well as sleepiness. Malaise is a symptom, too.
Someone who develops these signs and symptoms should be immediately taken to a medical facility. It’s important to note that acute liver failure may strike a person who is generally healthy.
Complications
As stated earlier, acute liver failure is regarded as a medical emergency. Why? That’s because it can cause complications, many of which can be life-threatening.
For instance, acute liver failure can cause fluid in the brain to accumulate, causing pressure and depriving the brain cells of oxygen. Medical professionals add that acute liver failure can also cause complications such as infections most especially of the blood and respiratory system, kidney failure, and bleeding disorders.
Medical Treatment
When treating acute liver failure, the individual is commonly placed in the intensive care unit. Also, he or she is usually taken care at a medical facility where a liver transplant may be carried out.
Treatment for the disease will depend on the cause. For instance, acute liver failure that is caused by acetaminophen overdose will be managed through medications that can reverse the effects of the said drug. There are also medications available for managing the complications acute liver failure can bring.
Just like what’s earlier mentioned, a liver transplant is warranted in most cases. This is especially true if the disease cannot be reversed, and can be treated only by replacing the damaged liver with a healthy one.
Diet Recommendations
A special diet is usually given to someone who is suffering from acute liver failure. It’s important to have the amount of protein consumed limited as the liver won’t be able to process it. Also, it will help minimize toxins. Extra carbohydrates are given to replace the amount of protein deducted from the person’s diet.
Salty foods should be avoided because sodium can increase fluid volume in the body, and this is not a good thing. Just like what’s mentioned above, one of the complications of acute liver failure is accumulation of fluid in the brain, and a diet that’s high in sodium can exacerbate that.
